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Compare Tunisia (2002) - Netherlands Antilles (2002)

Compare Tunisia (2002) z Netherlands Antilles (2002)

 Tunisia (2002)Netherlands Antilles (2002)
 TunisiaNetherlands Antilles
Administrative divisions 23 governorates; Ariana (Aryanah), Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), El Kef (Al Kaf), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bou Zid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan) none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)


note: each island has its own government
Age structure 0-14 years: 27.8% (male 1,412,625; female 1,320,729)


15-64 years: 65.9% (male 3,234,770; female 3,233,149)


65 years and over: 6.3% (male 303,093; female 311,278) (2002 est.)
0-14 years: 25% (male 27,351; female 26,135)


15-64 years: 67.1% (male 68,431; female 75,312)


65 years and over: 7.9% (male 7,049; female 9,980) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products olives, olive oil, grain, dairy products, tomatoes, citrus fruit, beef, sugar beets, dates, almonds aloes, sorghum, peanuts, vegetables, tropical fruit
Airports 30 (2001) 5 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 14


over 3,047 m: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 6


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2002)
total: 5


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 16


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 7


under 914 m: 7 (2002)
-
Area total: 163,610 sq km


land: 155,360 sq km


water: 8,250 sq km
total: 960 sq km


land: 960 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten (Dutch part of the island of Saint Martin)
Area - comparative slightly larger than Georgia more than five times the size of Washington, DC
Background Following independence from France in 1956, President Habib BOURGUIBA established a strict one-party state. He dominated the country for 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism and establishing rights for women unmatched by any other Arab nation. In recent years, Tunisia has taken a moderate, non-aligned stance in its foreign relations. Domestically, it has sought to diffuse rising pressure for a more open political society. Once the center of the Caribbean slave trade, the island of Curacao was hard hit by the abolition of slavery in 1863. Its prosperity (and that of neighboring Aruba) was restored in the early 20th century with the construction of oil refineries to service the newly discovered Venezuelan oil fields. The island of Saint Martin is shared with France; its northern portion is named Saint-Martin and is part of Guadeloupe, and its southern portion is named Sint Maarten and is part of the Netherlands Antilles.
Birth rate 16.83 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 16.16 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $5.7 billion


expenditures: $6.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.5 billion (2001 est.)
revenues: $710.8 million


expenditures: $741.6 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997 est.)
Capital Tunis Willemstad
Climate temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds
Coastline 1,148 km 364 km
Constitution 1 June 1959; amended 12 July 1988 29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the Netherlands, as amended
Country name conventional long form: Tunisian Republic


conventional short form: Tunisia


local long form: Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah


local short form: Tunis
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Netherlands Antilles


local long form: none


local short form: Nederlandse Antillen


former: Curacao and Dependencies
Currency Tunisian dinar (TND) Netherlands Antillean guilder (ANG)
Death rate 5 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $11.5 billion (2001 est.) $1.35 billion (1996) (1996)
Dependency status - part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; full autonomy in internal affairs granted in 1954; Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Rust M. DEMING


embassy: Zone Nord-Est des Berges du Lac Nord de Tunis, 2045 La Goulette, Tunisia


mailing address: use embassy street address


telephone: [216] 71 782-566


FAX: [216] 71 789-719
chief of mission: Consul General Deborah A. BOLTON


consulate(s) general: J. B. Gorsiraweg #1, Willemstad AN, Curacao


mailing address: P. O. Box 158, Willemstad, Curacao


telephone: [599] (9) 4613066


FAX: [599] (9) 4616489
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Hatem ATALLAH


chancery: 1515 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005


telephone: [1] (202) 862-1850


FAX: [1] (202) 862-1858
none (represented by the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $933.2 million (1995) IMF provided $61 million in 2000, and the Netherlands continued its support with $40 million
Economy - overview Tunisia has a diverse economy, with important agricultural, mining, energy, tourism, and manufacturing sectors. Governmental control of economic affairs while still heavy has gradually lessened over the past decade with increasing privatization, simplification of the tax structure, and a prudent approach to debt. Real growth averaged 5.4% in the past five years, and inflation is slowing. Growth in tourism and increased trade have been key elements in this steady growth, although tourism revenues have slowed since 11 September 2001 and may take a year or more to fully recover. Tunisia's association agreement with the European Union entered into force on 1 March 1998, the first such accord between the EU and a Mediterranean country. Under the agreement Tunisia will gradually remove barriers to trade with the EU over the next decade. Broader privatization, further liberalization of the investment code to increase foreign investment, and improvements in government efficiency are among the challenges for the future. Tourism, petroleum refining, and offshore finance are the mainstays of this small economy, which is closely tied to the outside world. Although GDP has declined in each of the past five years, the islands enjoy a high per capita income and a well-developed infrastructure compared with other countries in the region. Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, the US and Mexico being the major suppliers. Poor soils and inadequate water supplies hamper the development of agriculture.
Electricity - consumption 9.562 billion kWh (2000) 1.093 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 19 million kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 2 million kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 10.3 billion kWh (2000) 1.175 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 99%


hydro: 1%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Shatt al Gharsah -17 m


highest point: Jebel ech Chambi 1,544 m
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m


highest point: Mount Scenery 862 m
Environment - current issues toxic and hazardous waste disposal is ineffective and poses health risks; water pollution from raw sewage; limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
-
Ethnic groups Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1% mixed black 85%, Carib Amerindian, white, East Asian
Exchange rates Tunisian dinars per US dollar - 1.44 (January 2002), 1.3753 (2001), 1.3707 (2000), 1.1862 (1999), 1.1387 (1998), 1.1059 (1997) Netherlands Antillean guilders per US dollar - 1.790 (fixed rate since 1989)
Executive branch chief of state: President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (since 7 November 1987)


head of government: Prime Minister Mohamed GHANNOUCHI (since 17 November 1999)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 24 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI reelected for a third term without opposition; percent of vote - Zine El Abidine BEN ALI nearly 100%
chief of state: Queen BEATRIX of the Netherlands (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Frits GOEDGEDRAG (since 1 July 2002)


head of government: Prime Minister Etienne YS (since 3 June 2002)


cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the Staten


elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch for a six-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually elected prime minister by the Staten; election last held 18 January 2002 (next to be held by NA 2006)


note: government coalition - PDB, DP-St. M, FOL, PLKP, PNP
Exports $6.6 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) $276 million f.o.b. (2000)
Exports - commodities textiles, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals, agricultural products, hydrocarbons petroleum products
Exports - partners France 28%, Italy 21%, Germany 14%, Belgium 6%, Libya (2000) US 35.9%, Guatemala 9.4%, Venezuela 8.7%, France 5.4%, Singapore 2.8% (2000)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description red with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescent nearly encircling a red five-pointed star; the crescent and star are traditional symbols of Islam white, with a horizontal blue stripe in the center superimposed on a vertical red band, also centered; five white, five-pointed stars are arranged in an oval pattern in the center of the blue band; the five stars represent the five main islands of Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten
GDP purchasing power parity - $64.5 billion (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $2.4 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 13%


industry: 33%


services: 54% (2000 est.)
agriculture: 1%


industry: 15%


services: 84% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $6,600 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $11,400 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.8% (2001 est.) -3.5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 34 00 N, 9 00 E 12 15 N, 68 45 W
Geography - note strategic location in central Mediterranean; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration the five islands of the Netherlands Antilles are divided geographically into the Leeward Islands (northern) group (Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten) and the Windward Islands (southern) group (Bonaire and Curacao)
Highways total: 23,100 km


paved: 18,226 km


unpaved: 4,874 km (1996)
total: 600 km


paved: 300 km


unpaved: 300 km (1992)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2%


highest 10%: 32% (1995) (1995)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs - transshipment point for South American drugs bound for the US and Europe; money-laundering center
Imports $8.9 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) $1.5 billion f.o.b. (2000)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, food crude petroleum, food, manufactures
Imports - partners France 30%, Italy 21%, Germany 11%, Spain 4%, Belgium (2000) US 25.8%, Mexico 20.7%, Gabon 6.6%, Italy 5.8%, Netherlands 5.5% (2000)
Independence 20 March 1956 (from France) none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Industrial production growth rate 5.2% (2001 est.) NA%
Industries petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages tourism (Curacao, Sint Maarten, and Bonaire), petroleum refining (Curacao), petroleum transshipment facilities (Curacao and Bonaire), light manufacturing (Curacao)
Infant mortality rate 27.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 11.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.7% (2001 est.) 5.8% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, BSEC (observer), CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO Caricom (observer), CCC, ECLAC (associate), Interpol, IOC, UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCL, WMO, WToO (associate)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 6
Irrigated land 3,800 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed by the monarch)
Labor force 2.69 million


note: shortage of skilled labor
89,000
Labor force - by occupation services 55%, industry 23%, agriculture 22% (1995 est.) agriculture 1%, industry 13%, services 86% (1994 est.)
Land boundaries total: 1,424 km


border countries: Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km
total: 10.2 km


border countries: Guadeloupe (Saint Martin) 10.2 km
Land use arable land: 18.67%


permanent crops: 12.87%


other: 68.46% (1998 est.)
arable land: 10%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 90% (1998 est.)
Languages Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce) Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) predominates, English widely spoken, Spanish
Legal system based on French civil law system and Islamic law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence
Legislative branch unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Majlis al-Nuwaab (182 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 24 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: percent of vote by party - RCD 92%; seats by party - RCD 148, MDS 13, UDU 7, PUP 7, Al-Tajdid 5, PSL 2; note - reforms enabled opposition parties to win up to 20% of seats, increasing the number of seats they hold from 19 in the last election to 34 now
unicameral States or Staten (22 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 18 January 2002 (next to be held NA 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FOL 5, PAR 4, PNP 3, PLKP 2, DP-St.M 2, UPB 2, DP 1, MAN 1, PDB 1, WIPM 1


note: the government of Prime Minister Miguel POURIER is a coalition of several parties; current seats by party - PAR 4, PNP 3, FOL 2, MAN 2, UPB 2, DP-St. M 2, PDB 1, SEA 1, WIPM 1, other 4
Life expectancy at birth total population: 74.16 years


male: 72.56 years


female: 75.89 years (2002 est.)
total population: 75.15 years


male: 72.96 years


female: 77.46 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 66.7%


male: 78.6%


female: 54.6% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 98%


male: 98%


female: 99% (1981 est.)
Location Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya Caribbean, two island groups in the Caribbean Sea - one includes Curacao and Bonaire north of Venezuela; the other is east of the Virgin Islands
Map references Africa Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 24 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
exclusive fishing zone: 12 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total: 16 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 150,710 GRT/162,616 DWT


ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 4, chemical tanker 4, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 1, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 1 (2002 est.)
total: 123 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,056,362 GRT/1,341,735 DWT


ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 39, chemical tanker 2, combination ore/oil 4, container 24, liquefied gas 5, multi-functional large-load carrier 15, passenger 1, refrigerated cargo 24, roll on/roll off 7


note: includes foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 3, Denmark 2, Germany 43, Monaco 8, Netherlands 52, New Zealand 1, Norway 3, Peru 1, Spain 1, Sweden 3, United Kingdom 5 (2002 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary forces, National Guard no regular indigenous military forces; Royal Netherlands Navy, Marine Corps, Royal Netherlands Air Force, National Guard, Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $356 million (FY99) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.5% (FY99) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 2,806,881 (2002 est.) males age 15-49: 54,752 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 1,597,565 (2002 est.) males age 15-49: 30,642 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age 20 years of age (2002 est.) 20 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 105,146 (2002 est.) males: 1,610 (2002 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 20 March (1956) Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA in 1909 and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX in 1980), 30 April
Nationality noun: Tunisian(s)


adjective: Tunisian
noun: Dutch Antillean(s)


adjective: Dutch Antillean
Natural hazards NA Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean hurricane belt and are rarely threatened; Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October
Natural resources petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt phosphates (Curacao only), salt (Bonaire only)
Net migration rate -0.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -0.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 797 km; petroleum products 86 km; natural gas 742 km -
Political parties and leaders Al-Tajdid Movement [Adel CHAOUCH]; Constitutional Democratic Rally Party (Rassemblement Constitutionnel Democratique) or RCD [President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (official ruling party)]; Liberal Social Party or PSL [Mounir BEJI]; Movement of Democratic Socialists or MDS [Khamis CHAMMARI]; Popular Unity Party or PUP [Mohamed Belhaj AMOR]; Unionist Democratic Union or UDU [Abderrahmane TLILI] Antillean Restructuring Party or PAR [Miguel POURIER]; C 93 [Stanley BROWN]; Democratic Party of Bonaire or PDB [Jopi ABRAHAM]; Democratic Party of Curacao or DP [Errol HERNANDEZ]; Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius or DP-St. E [Julian WOODLEY]; Democratic Party of Sint Maarten or DP-St. M [Sarah WESCOTT-WILLIAMS]; Foundation Energetic Management Anti-Narcotics or FAME [Eric LODEWIJKS]; Labor Party People's Crusade or PLKP [Errol COVA]; National People's Party or PNP [Susanne F. C. CAMELIA-ROMER]; New Antilles Movement or MAN [Kenneth GIJSBERTHA]; Patriotic Union of Bonaire or UPB [Ramon BOOI]; Patriotic Movement of Sint Maarten or SPA [Vance JAMES, Jr.]; People's Party or PAPU [Richard Hodi]; Pro Curacao Party or PPK [Winston LOURENS]; Saba Democratic Labor Movement [Steve HASSELL]; Saba Unity Party [Carmen SIMMONDS]; St. Eustatius Alliance or SEA [Kenneth VAN PUTTEN]; Serious Alternative People's Party or Sapp [Julian ROLLOCKS]; Social Action Cause or KAS [Benny DEMEI]; Windward Islands People's Movement or WIPM [Will JOHNSTON]; Workers' Liberation Front or FOL [Anthony GODETT, Rignald LAK, Editha WRIGHT]


note: political parties are indigenous to each island
Political pressure groups and leaders the Islamic fundamentalist party, Al Nahda (Renaissance), is outlawed NA
Population 9,815,644 (July 2002 est.) 214,258 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 6% (2000 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.12% (2002 est.) 0.93% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Bizerte, Gabes, La Goulette, Sfax, Sousse, Tunis, Zarzis Kralendijk, Philipsburg, Willemstad
Radio broadcast stations AM 7, FM 20, shortwave 2 (1998) AM 9, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 2.06 million (1997) 217,000 (1997)
Railways total: 2,168 km


standard gauge: 471 km 1.435-m gauge


narrow gauge: 1,687 km 1.000-m gauge


dual gauge: 10 km 1.000-m and 1.435-m gauges (three rails) (2001)
0 km (2002)
Religions Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish and other 1% Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Seventh-Day Adventist
Sex ratio at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female


total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female


total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 20 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: above the African average and continuing to be upgraded; key centers are Sfax, Sousse, Bizerte, and Tunis; Internet access available


domestic: trunk facilities consist of open-wire lines, coaxial cable, and microwave radio relay


international: 5 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria and Libya; participant in Medarabtel; two international gateway digital switches
general assessment: generally adequate facilities


domestic: extensive interisland microwave radio relay links


international: submarine cables - 2; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 654,000 (1997) 76,000 (1995)
Telephones - mobile cellular 50,000 (1998) 13,977 (1996)
Television broadcast stations 26 (plus 76 repeaters) (1995) 3 (there is also a cable service which supplies programs received from various US satellite networks and two Venezuelan channels) (1997)
Terrain mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara generally hilly, volcanic interiors
Total fertility rate 1.94 children born/woman (2002 est.) 2.06 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 15.6% (2000 est.) 15% (1998 est.)
Waterways none none
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